【CERN公报】LHC研究计划启动

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30.03.2010
LHC research programme gets underway
LHC研究计划启动

Geneva, 30 March 2010. Beams collided at 7 TeV in the LHC at 13:06 CEST, marking the start of the LHC research programme. Particle physicists around the world are looking forward to a potentially rich harvest of new physics as the LHC begins its first long run at an energy three and a half times higher than previously achieved at a particle accelerator.
日内瓦，2010年3月30日，中欧夏季时间13:06。束流在7TeV上的对撞标志着LHC研究计划的启动。随着LHC由此开始的第一次长期运行，并将能量提升至现有记录的3.5倍，全世界的粒子物理学家都在展望一个潜在而丰富的新物理的到来。

“It’s a great day to be a particle physicist,” said CERN1 Director General Rolf Heuer. “A lot of people have waited a long time for this moment, but their patience and dedication is starting to pay dividends.”
“对粒子物理学家来说，这是伟大的一天，”欧洲核子中心主任Rolf Heuer说，“很多人已为此等待了很久，不过他们的耐心和贡献从今天起将开始得到回报。”

“With these record-shattering collision energies, the LHC experiments are propelled into a vast region to explore, and the hunt begins for dark matter, new forces, new dimensions and the Higgs boson,” said ATLAS collaboration spokesperson, Fabiola Gianotti. “The fact that the experiments have published papers already on the basis of last year’s data bodes very well for this first physics run.”
“利用这破纪录的对撞能量，我们已将LHC实验推进到一个巨大的探索领域，我们已经开始了对暗物质、新相互作用力、新空间维度和Higgs波色子的寻找，”ATLAS合作发言人Fabiola Gianotti说，“事实上，实验家基于去年的数据所发表的文章极佳地预示着目前的首次运行。”

“We’ve all been impressed with the way the LHC has performed so far,” said Guido Tonelli, spokesperson of the CMS experiment, “and it’s particularly gratifying to see how well our particle detectors are working while our physics teams worldwide are already analysing data. We’ll address soon some of the major puzzles of modern physics like the origin of mass, the grand unification of forces and the presence of abundant dark matter in the universe. I expect very exciting times in front of us.”
“我们对LHC一路走来的历程印象深刻，”CMS实验发言人Guido Tonelli说，“当全世界的物理团队在分析数据的时候，我们将能看到我们的粒子探测器运转的情况如何，这是十分令人满足的事。我们将很快展现现代物理学中的几大难题，诸如质量的起源、相互作用力的大统一，以及宇宙中大量的暗物质的存在。我所期待的令人激动地时刻就在我们眼前。”

"This is the moment we have been waiting and preparing for", said ALICE spokesperson Jürgen Schukraft. "We're very much looking forward to the results from proton collisions, and later this year from lead-ion collisions, to give us new insights into the nature of the strong interaction and the evolution of matter in the early Universe."
“这是一个我们已等待并为之准备了许久的时刻，”ALICE发言人Jürgen Schukraft说，“我们十分期待质子对撞、以及今年晚些时候的铅-离子对撞，它们将为我们带来关于强相互作用以及宇宙早期物质演化的新发现。”

“LHCb is ready for physics,” said the experiment’s spokesperson Andrei Golutvin, “we have a great research programme ahead of us exploring the nature of matter-antimatter asymmetry more profoundly than has ever been done before.”
“LHCb已为物理学做好准备，”实验发言人Andrei Golutvin说，“我们的面前是一个巨大的研究计划，它将比已有工作更为深入地探寻物质与反物质的非对称性。”

CERN will run the LHC for 18-24 months with the objective of delivering enough data to the experiments to make significant advances across a wide range of physics channels. As soon as they have "re-discovered" the known Standard Model particles, a necessary precursor to looking for new physics, the LHC experiments will start the systematic search for the Higgs boson. With the amount of data expected, called one inverse femtobarn by physicists, the combined analysis of ATLAS and CMS will be able to explore a wide mass range, and there’s even a chance of discovery if the Higgs has a mass near 160 GeV. If it’s much lighter or very heavy, it will be harder to find in this first LHC run.
CERN将会使LHC持续运行18至24个月，以保证获取足够的数据。这些数据将显著提升大量物理通道的实验结果。作为寻找新物理的前导，LHC将“重新发现”标准模型的粒子。一旦这一工作完成，LHC实验将开始系统地寻找Higgs波色子。利用物理学家叫做“一个逆飞靶”的理想数据量，ATLAS和CMS的联合分析可以探寻足够宽的质量范围。如果Higgs的质量在160GeV附近的话，我们甚至有机会发现它。而假如它过轻或过重，则在LHC的第一次运行中就更难被发现。

For supersymmetry, ATLAS and CMS will each have enough data to double today’s sensitivity to certain new discoveries. Experiments today are sensitive to some supersymmetric particles with masses up to 400 GeV. An inverse femtobarn at the LHC pushes the discovery range up to 800 GeV.
对于超对称，ATLAS和CMS将积累足够的数据，并将现有的灵敏度翻倍，以保证新发现的产生。目前的实验对某些质量不超过400GeV的超对称粒子是敏感的。而LHC的1个逆飞靶会将探寻范围推高至800GeV。

“The LHC has a real chance over the next two years of discovering supersymmetric particles,” explained Heuer, “and possibly giving insights into the composition of about a quarter of the Universe.”
“LHC在今后两年内有很现实的机会去发现超对称粒子”，Heuer解释道，“而且有可能为宇宙中将近四分之一的成分提供新的洞察。”

Even at the more exotic end of the LHC’s potential discovery spectrum, this LHC run will extend the current reach by a factor of two. LHC experiments will be sensitive to new massive particles indicating the presence of extra dimensions up to masses of 2 TeV, where today’s reach is around 1 TeV.
即使对LHC探索范围内那些更为异想天开的一端，LHC的这次运行也将会以加倍的方式扩展现有研究。对于预言额外维空间的新的重粒子，LHC实验的灵敏度是2TeV，而现有研究的灵敏度在1TeV左右。

“Over 2000 graduate students are eagerly awaiting data from the LHC experiments,” said Heuer. “They’re a privileged bunch, set to produce the first theses at the new high-energy frontier.”
“2000多名研究生正在热切地等待LHC实验的数据，”Heuer说，“他们有特权在新的高能前沿产出第一批文章。”

Following this run, the LHC will shutdown for routine maintenance, and to complete the repairs and consolidation work needed to reach the LHC’s design energy of 14 TeV following the incident of 19 September 2008. Traditionally, CERN has operated its accelerators on an annual cycle, running for seven to eight months with a four to five month shutdown each year. Being a cryogenic machine operating at very low temperature, the LHC takes about a month to bring up to room temperature and another month to cool down. A four-month shutdown as part of an annual cycle no longer makes sense for such a machine, so CERN has decided to move to a longer cycle with longer periods of operation accompanied by longer shutdown periods when needed.
在此次运行之后，LHC将关机进行例行维护，有鉴于2008年9月19日的事故，LHC还需完成为了达到设计能量14TeV所需要的维修和加固。依照惯例，CERN以年为周期运行加速器，每年开动7到8个月，并关闭4到5个月。由于LHC需在极低温下运行，LHC需要一个月的时间回到室温，还需要另一个月的时间用以冷却。作为年度运行的一部分，4个月的关机时间对这台机器显然没有意义。因此CERN已经决定，在必要的时会调整到一个更长的周期，包括更长的运行时间和更长的关机时间。

“Two years of continuous running is a tall order both for the LHC operators and the experiments, but it will be well worth the effort,” said Heuer. “By starting with a long run and concentrating preparations for 14 TeV collisions into a single shutdown, we’re increasing the overall running time over the next three years, making up for lost time and giving the experiments the chance to make their mark.”
“两年的持续运行对LHC的操作者和实验本身而言都是很高的量级，但它很值得我们作此努力，”Heuer说，“随着此次长期运行，同时为了在单独一次的关机期间为14TeV的对撞做足准备，我们正在增加今后三年的整体运行时间，以补偿已经丢失的时间，并为这些实验提供留下它们足迹的机会。”